What would a non-christianized Europe look like today?

Hello, I am new here. I am a voracious consumer of history, and have spent extensive time studying Roman Europe (broadly defined) during the period from 500-1500. I have spent a lot of time thinking about the evolution of Commonwealth versus Imperial systems of governance and the pros and cons of each. And I spend a ton of time thinking about timeline divergences.<br><br>I recently came across a few youtube videos talking about history without Christ. I have also followed a few threads on this subreddit. I have mixed feelings about the conclusions I have read/hear. I would love to hear your perspectives!<br><br>After reading a few threads, I have a few observations to make/get validated:<br><br>1. There is a significant psychological component to Christianity in many of these timeline divergences and they can be overly simplistic. In fact, many of the videos/threads I have read don't go beyond the psychological component. They also ignore a history without Christianity.<br><br>2. I suspect that Christianity in its modern form would have never evolved if there was no Christ. And so, the question is more about what would a non-Christianized Europe look like?<br><br>3. In some of these timeline divergences, changes to religion have psychological components mixed in with historical consequences. For example, if there was no Christianity (and hence no Christ), then presumably Constantine could not have manipulated the faith for political purposes. In that case, the question is more about what would have happened if Constantine never came to power. <br><br>4. In many of these timeline divergences, the changes that occur to society are overly simplistic and based on timeline divergences based on a single event. In many they reduce timeline divergences to having one or two important leaders never living, or a leader's belief set similar to Christ being believed by a couple of dozen people and then suddenly becoming the religion of all of Europe.<br><br>5. The implicit assumption in many of these timeline divergences is that Christianity was either a force for good or evil. In reality, history without Christianity would likely be more nuanced and have mixed effects. For example, a history without Christianity would likely have mixed effects on the development of medicine. On the one hand, many universities and libraries were created for religious purposes. On the other hand, many of the so-called "primitive societies" that were colonized by Europeans were much more advanced in medicine. And of course, in many places in the Middle Ages, many non-christianized universities and libraries were destroyed. So, the net effect would probably be a combination of more access to medicine, and less access to medicine.<br><br>6. Many timeline divergences mix changes to the environment with changes to society. For example, some timeline divergences talk about the sale of indulgences in the 1500s and how that caused the Protestant Reformation. However, without Christianity, the changes to the environment would not have caused the Protestant Reformation. And so, it's hard to evaluate the conclusions that are drawn.<br><br>Let's consider history prior to the time of Christ. <br><br>1. What influence would religion have on the environment? Would there have been a complete lack of deforestation? Would the sale of indulgences have never happened?<br><br>2. What influence would religion have on warfare? Would the Crusades have never happened?<br><br>3. What influence would religion have on universities and libraries? Would there have been secular universities and libraries?<br><br>4. What influence would religion have on tolerance? Would religion have been more or less tolerant?<br><br>5. What influence would religion have on social welfare? Would there have been more social welfare programs?<br><br>6. What would have been the general divisions between different parts of Europe? Would they have been based on different languages/ethnicities? Would there have been a north-south divide? A west-east divide? <br><br>I am most interested in hearing your thoughts on timeline divergences leading to social systems that are more tolerant of differences in ethnicity and divisions based on economics. This is particularly relevant given the rise of Fascism and ethnic divisions in some parts of the world.