What is the meaning of "good" and "bad"? Are they subjective?

I have a lot of problems figuring out what is "bad" and what is "good". In my opinion, it is very hard to be completely objective here, as everyone has their preference. (Personally, I like apples more than oranges, but I know that there is a reason why some people like oranges a lot more than apples.) But if we all have different preferences, then how can we say that apples are better than oranges? Are there some hidden parameters we all follow?<br><br>Furthermore, I am even more confused when I see people saying things like "it is objectively bad that Trump won the election." How can anyone be objectively good or bad? In my opinion, we can only use subjective expressions again, like "it is very bad that Trump won the election." It's hard to understand people who say that certain things are absolutely good or bad.<br><br>This must mean that opinions and values are subjective rather than objective, but the problem with that is that a society obviously cannot exist without rules. If we all have our own subjective understanding of what is good and what is bad, and everyone has the same right to be right as the next person, then it is unfair if we punish someone who steals, because then we are imposing our own subjective understanding of what is good and what is bad on them.<br><br>I understand that a society cannot exist without rules, so there must be some hidden parameters we are all following. But I am not sure what these parameters are, and I am not sure how to use them to determine not only what is good or bad in general, but especially how to determine more complex rules for a society like "how much time should someone be punished for committing theft?"<br><br>This is why I think that we can only follow the rules we have set for ourselves based on our own experiences and values. One of my values is that stealing is bad, and so I was punished when I stole once when I was a kid. How can we impose our own subjective understanding of good and bad on others?<br><br>This is all very confusing, and I think I have a headache. I would appreciate it if you could help me by answering these questions:<br><br>**1. Is the value of "good" and "bad" subjective or objective?**<br><br>**2. If the value of "good" and "bad" is subjective, then how can we impose our rules, laws, and punishments on others?**<br><br>**3. If the value of "good" and "bad" is objective, then how can we determine what is good and what is bad based on this objective definition?**<br><br>**4. If the value of "good" and "bad" is objective, then why can't we all agree on it?**<br><br><br><br>Also, I would appreciate it if you could suggest some books and documentaries that could be important for me to read/watch related to this and other philosophical questions, because I feel like I am lacking knowledge to be able to think more deeply about these questions.